¹Ì ÇÕµ¿Âü¸ðº»ºÎ´Â ÅÂÆò¾ç ÀüÀï Á¾Àü 1³â ÀüÀÎ 1944³â 8¿ù ÇÕµ¿ÀüÀïÁغñÀ§¿øȸ¿¡ ÀϺ»±º ö¼ö³ª ÀϺ» Á¤ºÎÀÇ ºØ±«³ª Ç׺¹¿¡ ´ëºñÇØ ÀϺ»ÀÌ Á¡°ÅÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Àü·« ¿äÃæÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ø°Ý °èȹÀ» ¼¼¿ì¶ó°í Áö½ÃÇß´Ù(Joint War Plans Committee Directive JWPC 264/D, 22 August 1944, "Occupation of Strategic Positions Upon Japanese Withdrawal, Collapse, or Surrender," in folder CCS 386.2 Japan (4-9-45)* Section 1, RG 218, Box 135). ±×·¯³ª ±×·ÎºÎÅÍ 1³âÀÌ Áö³ª ÀϺ» ±Ô½´¿Í È¥½´¿¡ ´ë·«ÀûÀΠħ°ø°èȹÀÌ ¿Ï¼ºµÈ ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼µµ ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ÃßÁøµÈ °ÍÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
ÇÕµ¿ÀüÀï°èȹÀ§¿øȸ°¡ ÀϺ»ÀÇ Ç׺¹¿¡ ´ëºñÇÑ ºñ»ó°èȹÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áø ½ÃÁ¡Àº 1945³â 5¿ùÀ̾ú´Ù. ÇÕµ¿ÀüÀïÁغñÀ§¿øȸ´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ Á¡·ÉÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Â Áö¿ªÀÌ ÀϺ» ¿µµ ¿Ü¿¡µµ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀνÄ, 1945³â 6¿ù ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ Á¡·ÉÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Â Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î Çѹݵµ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇØ ¸¸ÁÖ¿Í ´ë¸¸, ÀεµÂ÷À̳ª, Áß±¹ ÇØ¾È µîÀ» Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÄ×´Ù(Minutes of the 204th meeting of the Joint Planning Staff, 30 May 1945; JWPC 264/1, "Strategic Positions Selected for Occupation Upon Japanese Withdrawal, Collapse, or Surrender," 8 June 1945, in Folder CCS 386.2 Japan (4-9-45) Sec. 2, RG 218, Box 135, NA. See also Ray S. Cline, United States Army in World War II: The War Department: Washington Command Post: The Operations Division (Washington: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1951), p. 344).
¹Ì ÇÕµ¿Âü¸ðº»ºÎ´Â 1945³â 6¿ù14ÀÏ ±Øµ¿±º ÃÖ°í»ç·É°ü ¸Æ¾Æ´õ À屺°ú ÅÂÆò¾ç ÇÔ´ë »ç·É°ü ´Ï¹ÌÃ÷ Á¦µ¶¿¡°Ô ÀϺ»ÀÇ ºØ±« ¶Ç´Â Ç׺¹°ú °°Àº ±Þº¯»çÅ¿¡¼ ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ Áï°¢Àû ÀÌÀÍÀ» ÃëÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀϺ» º»Å並 Á¡·ÉÇÒ °èȹÀ» ¸¸µé¶ó°í Áö½ÃÇß´Ù(JCS Message WARX 17064 to Commander in Chief, US Army Forces, Pacific and Commander in Chief US Pacific Fleet, Information to Commanding General Twentieth Air Force, 14 June 1945, in JCS 1331/4, folder CCS 386.2 Japan (4-9-45) Sec. 2, RG 218, Box 135, NA).
1945³â 7¿ù10ÀÏ ¹Ì ÇÕµ¿ÀüÀïÁغñÀ§¿øȸ´Â Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ÀÛÀü°èȹÀ» ´Ù°¢µµ·Î °ËÅäÇÏ¸é¼ ¹Ì±¹Àº ÀϺ» º»Åä¿Í Çѹݵµ, Áß±¹ÀÇ »óÇÏÀÌ¿Í ³Â¡, ÀϺ»ÀÌ Á¡°ÅÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÅÂÆò¾ç µµ¼, ´ë¸¸ µîÀ» ¿ì¼± Á¡·ÉÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÀáÁ¤ °áÁ¤Çß´Ù(“Outline Plan for the U.S. Occupation of Strategic Positions in the Far East in the Event of a Japanese Collapse or Surrender Prior to ‘Olympic’ or ‘Coronet’” Appendix A to JWPC 264/6, 10 July 1945, in folder CCS 386.2 Japan (4-9-45) Sec. 3, RG 218, Box 135, NA). À§¿øȸ°¡ Á¦½ÃÇÑ ÀÛÀü°èȹ °¡¿îµ¥ Çϳª´Â ÀϺ»ÀÌ 1945³â 8¿ù 15ÀÏ ¹«Á¶°Ç Ç׺¹ÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ³»¿ëÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥ ÀÌ ÃßÁ¤ÀÌ ÀûÁßÇÑ ²ÃÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
¡ã 1945³â 1¿ù ¿µ±¹±ºÀÌ ¹ö¸¶¿¡¼ ÀϺ»±º°ú ÀüÅõ¸¦ ¹úÀÎ µÚ Æı«µÈ »ç¿ø ºÎ±ÙÀ» ¼øÂûÇÏ´Â Àå¸é. »çÁø=À§Å°¹Ìµð¾î |
¹Ì, ¹Ì¼Ò µÎ ±º´ëÀÇ Çѹݵµ °æ°è¼±À¸·Î ºÏÀ§ 38µµ¼± ºÎ±Ù °ËÅä
¹Ì ÇÕµ¿Âü¸ðº»ºÎ´Â Æ÷Ã÷´ãȸ´ã¿¡ ¾Õ¼ ¸Æ¾Æ´õ µî µÎ ÁöÈÖ°ü¿¡°Ô Çѹݵµ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ÀÛÀü °èȹÀ» Áö½ÃÇß´Ù. ¸Æ¾Æ´õ´Â µµÄì¿Í ¼¿ïÀ» ÀÏÂ÷ÀûÀÎ Á¡·É ¸ñÇ¥·Î, ±×¸®°í ºÎ»ê°ú ±º»êÀ» 2, 3Â÷ Á¡·É ¸ñÇ¥·Î Á¦¾ÈÇß´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ Æ÷Ã÷´ãȸ´ãÀÌ ¿¸®ÀÚ ¹Ì ÇÕµ¿ÀüÀïÁغñÀ§¿øȸ¿Í ¸Æ¾Æ´õ, ´Ï¹ÌÃ÷ »ç·É°üÀÇ Âü¸ðµéÀº Á¡·É°èȹ ¼ö¸³¿¡ Âø¼öÇß´Ù(James F. Schnabel, United States Army in the Korean War: Policy and Direction: The First Year (Washington: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1961), pp. 2-3. Reports of General MacArthur Prepared by His General Staff, vol. 1 supplement, MacArthur in Japan: The Occupation: Military Phase (Washington: 1966), p. 2).
1945³â 7¿ù 25ÀÏ ¸¶¼È Á¦µ¶Àº Æ÷Ã÷´ãȸ´ãÀÌ ¿¸®°í ÀÖ´Â ±â°£ µ¿¾È Æ®·ç¸Õ ´ëÅë·É¿¡°Ô ÀϺ»ÀÇ ±ÞÀÛ½º·± Ç׺¹ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í Å뺸Çß´Ù. Æ®·ç¸Õ ´ëÅë·ÉÀº À̸¦ º¸°í ¸Æ¾Æ´õ¿Í ´Ï¹ÌÃ÷ »ç·É°ü¿¡°Ô ÀϺ»ÀÇ °©ÀÛ½º·± ºØ±«³ª Ç׺¹ °¡´É¼º¿¡ ´ëºñÇØ ÀϺ»À» Á¡·ÉÇÒ °èȹÀ» ¼¼¿ì¶ó°í Áö½ÃÇß´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó ¸Æ¾Æ´õ¿Í ´Ï¹ÌÃ÷ »ç·É°üÀº ¼Ò·ÃÀÌ ÅÂÆò¾ç ÀüÀï¿¡ ÂüÀüÇϱâ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ÀϺ»ÀÌ ºØ±« ¶Ç´Â Ç׺¹ÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ¹Ì¸® ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù(Chief of Staff "Memorandum for the President," 25 July 1945, in folder ABC 014 Japan (13 Apr 44) Sec. 1A, RG 165, Entry 421, Box 19, NA).
°°Àº ³¯ ¸¶¼È Á¦µ¶Àº ¹Ì ÀüÀïºÎ ÀÛÀüÃ¥ÀÓÀÚ¿¡°Ô Çѹݵµ¿¡ ¹Ì±ºÀ» ÁøÁÖ½Ãų Áغñ¸¦ Ç϶ó°í Áö½ÃÇÏ¸é¼ Çѹݵµ¿¡¼ ¹Ì±º°ú ¼Ò·Ã±º »çÀÌÀÇ Áö»ó °æ°è¼±¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±âº»°èȹÀÌ ¼ö¸³µÆ´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó ¹Ì±ºÀÇ Çѹݵµ ÁøÀÔ ½Ã º´ÂüÁö¿øÀ» À§ÇØ µÎ °³ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä Ç×±¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â Á¡°ú ¹Ì¼Ò µÎ ±º´ëÀÇ °æ°è¼±À¸·Î ¼¿ï ºÏÂÊ ºÏÀ§ 38µµ¼± ºÎ±ÙÀ̶ó´Â Á¡ µîÀÌ °ËÅä´ë»óÀ¸·Î Á¦½ÃµÇ¾ú´Ù(Schnabel, Policy and Direction, p. 7; Roy E. Appleman, United States Army in the Korean War: South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: June-November 1950 (Washington: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1961), pp. 2-3).
¸¶¼È Á¦µ¶Àº ¸Æ¾Æ´õ¿¡°Ô Àü¹®À» º¸³» °¡±î¿î Àå·¡¿¡ ÀϺ» Ç׺¹¿¡ µû¸¥ ÀϺ» ÅëÁ¦¿Í Á¡·É µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °áÁ¤ÀÌ ³»·ÁÁú °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é¼ ÀϺ»°ú Çѹݵµ Á¡·É¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸Æ¾Æ´õÀÇ °ßÇظ¦ ¹°¾ú´Ù.
¹Ì ÀüÀïºÎ ÀÛÀüÃ¥ÀÓÀÚµµ ÀåÂ÷ ÀϺ»ÀÌ ºØ±« ¶Ç´Â Ç׺¹ÇÒ °æ¿ì ÀϺ»°ú ÀϺ»ÀÌ Á¡°ÅÇÑ Áö¿ªÀ» Á¡·ÉÇÒ °èȹÀ» ¸Æ¾Æ´õ À屺ÀÌ ¼ö¸³Çϴµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¤º¸ÀÇ ¿äÁ¡À» Áï°¢ º¸°íÇ϶ó°í ºÎÇÏÁ÷¿øµé¿¡°Ô Áö½ÃÇß´Ù(JCS Message VICTORY 295, Personal to MacArthur, Info Handy, from Marshall, 25 July 1945; JCS Message, VICTORY 294, From Hull Personal to Craig, 25 July 1945 in OPD 1945 series, folder OPD 014.1 Top Secret (Sec. III), RG 165, Entry 419, Box 108, NA).
¹Ì ÇÕµ¿Âü¸ðº»ºÎ°¡ 6¿ù14ÀÏ ³»¸° Áö½Ã¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ï¹ÌÃ÷, ¸Æ¾Æ´õ À屺ÀÌ ÀϺ»ÀÇ °©ÀÛ½º·± ºØ±«¿Í Ç׺¹¿¡ ´ëºñÇÑ °èȹÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇØ »óºÎ¿¡ º¸°íÇß´Ù. ´Ï¹ÌÃ÷ À屺ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ ÇرºÀÇ ÀÛÀü°èȹ(¾ÏÈ£¸í Campus)Àº ÀϺ» Àü¿ªÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä Áö¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ì À°±ºÀÇ »ó·úÀÛÀüÀÌÈÄ ÇرºÀÌ µµÄ츦 Á¡·ÉÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.
ÇÑÆí ¸Æ¾Æ´õ°¡ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ ÀÛÀü°èȹ(¾ÏÈ£¸í Blacklist)Àº µµÄì¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À°ÇØ°ø±ºÀÇ °ø°Ý°ú »ó·úÀÛÀüÀ» ½Ç½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÌ¾î µÎ ¹ø° Áö¿ªÀ» Á¡·ÉÇÏ´Â ³»¿ëÀ̾ú´Ù. ¹Ì ÇÕµ¿Âü¸ðº»ºÎ´Â µÎ ÀÛÀü°èȹÀ» Â¥ ¸ÂÃß´Â ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÃßÁøÇßÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀº ÀϺ»ÀÌ Ç׺¹ÇÒ ¶§±îÁö ¿Ï¼ºµÇÁö ¸øÇß°í ½ÇÁ¦ ¸Æ¾Æ´õÀÇ ÀÛÀü°èȹÀ» ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î È°¿ëÇß´Ù(The Blacklist plans and OPD briefs based on those plans are in OPD folders "Australian Ports to BLACKLIST Ed. 1" and "BLACKLIST Ed. 3 to BOLERO," RG 218, Boxes 1776 and 1777, NA. A copy of the CAMPUS plan and OPD brief is in folder OPD 014.1 Top Secret (Sec. IV), Case 58, RG 165, Entry 419, Box 108, NA).
¹Ì±¹ ºÏÀ§ 38µµ ¹Ì¼Ò Á¡·É °æ°è¼± ¼³Á¤ ÃÖ¿ì¼± ÃßÁø
¸Æ¾Æ´õÀÇ ÀÛÀü°èȹ Blacklist¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼öÁ¤º¸¿Ï ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÀÌ·ïÁú ¶§ÀÎ 1945³â 8¿ù6ÀÏ È÷·Î½Ã¸¶¿¡ ù ¹ø° ¿øÆøÀÌ ÅõÇϵǾú´Ù. ‘¸®Æ² º¸ÀÌ’¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ÀÌµé ¿øÀÚÆøźÀº ¿äÁò ¼ÒÇüÂ÷ Á¤µµÀÇ Å©±â¿´Áö¸¸ À§·ÂÀº ¾öû³ª¼ 1945³â ¸»±îÁö 21¸¸ ¸íÀÌ ¼ûÁö°í 2022³â ¸» ÇöÀç 26¸¸ ¸íÀÇ ÇÇÆøÀÚ°¡ ÈÄÀ¯ÁõÀ» ¾Î°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌƲ µÚ ¼Ò·Ã ¿Ü¹«»óÀº ¸ð½ºÅ©¹Ù ÁÖÀç ÀϺ» ´ë»ç¸¦ ºÒ·¯ 8¿ù 9ÀÏÀÚ·Î ¾ç±¹Àº ÀüÀï»óÅ·Πµ¹ÀÔÇÑ´Ù°í Å뺸Çß´Ù. ¹Ì±¹Àº 8¿ù 9ÀÏ µÎ ¹ø° ¿øÀÚÆøźÀ» ³ª°¡»çÅ°¿¡ ¶³¾î¶ß·È°í ¼Ò·ÃÀº ±×³¯ ¸¸ÁÖ ±¹°æÀ» ³Ñ¾î ÀϺ» °üµ¿±º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ø°ÝÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù(Entry of the Soviet Union, pp. 106-07).
8¿ù10ÀÏ ÀϺ»Á¤ºÎ´Â Ç׺¹ÇÒ ÀÇ»ç¿Í ÇÔ²² Á¤ÀüÇùÁ¤À» ŸÁøÇϴ ŵµ¸¦ º¸¿´´Ù. ±×·¯ÀÚ ¿ö½ÌÅÏ°ú ¼ÅÂÆò¾ç ÁֵР¹Ì±º ÁöÈֺΠµîÀº È¥¶õ¿¡ ºüÁ® ÀüÅõ ÀÛÀüÀ» ÀϺ» Á¡·É°ú ÀϺ»°ú ±× Á¡°Å Áö¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÅëÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °èȹÀ¸·Î ÀüȯÇß´Ù. ¹Ì ±¹¹«ºÎ¿Í ÀüÀïºÎ, ÇرººÎ¿Í ÇÕµ¿Âü¸ðº»ºÎ´Â ÀϺ»ÀÇ Ç׺¹¿¡ µû¸¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀýÂ÷ µîÀ» °±¸Çϱâ À§ÇØ È¸ÀǸ¦ °è¼ÓÇß´Ù<Documents concerning SWNCC and JCS staff deliberations on issues involving the other allies are in folder CCS 387 Japan (2-7-45) Sec. 2, "Unconditional Surrender of Japan," RG 218, Box 137, NA).
¹Ì±¹ÀÌ ÀüÈÄ Áú¼¸¦ »õ·Ó°Ô ±¸»óÇϱâ À§ÇØ 1944³â 11¿ù 2Â÷ ´ëÀü ±â°£ Áß¿¡ ±ººÎ¿Í ±¹¹«ºÎÀÇ Á¤Ã¥Á¶Á¤À» ´ã´çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÁÖ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ±¹¹«ºÎÀÇ Á¶Á÷À» °³Æí, È®´ëÇÏ¸é¼ ¸¸µç ±¹¹«·À°±º·Çرº 3ºÎÁ¶Á¤À§¿øȸ(SWNCC ; State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee; ÀÌÇÏ SWNCC)´Â ÀϺ»±ºÀÇ Ç׺¹ Á¶°ÇµéÀÌ ´ã±ä Ç׺¹¹®¼ 'ÀϹݸí·É Á¦1È£' ÀÛ¼º ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. SWNCC´Â 2Â÷´ëÀü ±â°£ Áß¿¡ ±¹¹«ºÎÀÇ Á¶Á÷ÀÌ °³Æí, È®´ëµÇ¸é¼ ÀüÈÄ Áú¼¸¦ »õ·Ó°Ô ±¸»óÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁø Á¤Ã¥±â±¸¿´´Ù.
SWNCC°¡ °ËÅäÇÑ ÃÖ¿ì¼± °úÁ¦´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ ÀϺ» Á¡·ÉÀ» ÁÖµµÇÏ°í ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ì Á¡·É±ºÀ» °¡´ÉÇÑ ½Å¼ÓÈ÷ ÀϺ»¿¡ ÁֵнÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀ̾ú°í ÀϺ»±ºÀÌ ±Øµ¿ ¿©·¯ Áö¿ª¿¡¼ ¾î¶² ¿¬ÇÕ±º¿¡ Ç׺¹ÇÏ´À³Ä ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀϺ»±º ÁöÈÖ°üÀÌ ¿¬ÇÕ±º³»ºÎÀÇ ºÐ¿À» Ã˹ßÇϱâ À§ÇØ Ç׺¹ ¾à¼ÓÀ» ¾Ç¿ëÇÒ ±âȸÁÖÀÇÀû ½Ãµµ¸¦ Â÷´ÜÇÏ°í ¿¬ÇÕ±º ÁöÈÖ°ü »çÀÌÀÇ °üÇÒ ´ÙÅùÀ» ¹æÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇß´Ù.
¹Ì±¹Àº ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ 1944³â 12¿ùºÎÅÍ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÛ¾÷ÇßÀ¸³ª ÀϺ»±º Ç׺¹À» ¾î´À Áö¿ª¿¡¼ ´©°¡ Á¢¼öÇÏ´À³Ä ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸í¹éÇÑ ÁöħÀ» ¸¸µéÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ç½Ã µ¿³²¾Æ¿¡ ÁÖµÐÇØ ÀÖ´ø ¹Ì±ºÀ» ÁöÈÖÇÏ´ø ¾Ù¹öÆ® ÄÚµð ¿þ´õ¸¶ÀÌ¾î »ç·É°üÀÌ ¿ö½ÌÅÏ¿¡ ±ä±ÞÀü¹®À» º¸³» Áßȹα¹ ±º°ú ¸ðÅõ¿ ±ºÀÇ ³»ÀüÀÌ °¡¿µÇ°í ÀÖ¾î ÁÖ¸ñÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í Ã˱¸Çß´Ù(Letter, General (ret.) C. H. Bonesteel III to Major Donald W. Boose, Jr., 14 April 1973, hereafter, Bonesteel letter. Memorandum by Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs, Dean Rusk, 12 July 1950, in FRUS, 1945, VI, 1039. Documents relating to the development of General Order No. 1 are included in the SWNCC 21 series of documents ("Unconditional Surrender of Japan") in folder CCS 387 Japan (2-7-45) Sec. 2, RG 218, Box 137, NA).
¿þ´õ¸¶ÀÌ¾î »ç·É°üÀº Áß±¹ º»ÅäÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä Áö¿ªÀ» ¹Ì±ºÀÌ Á¡·ÉÇÒ °ÍÀ» °ÇÀÇÇß´Ù. ±× ´ç½Ã È£ÁÖ, ¿µ±¹, ³×´ú¶õµå, ÇÁ¶û½º µîÀº Áß±¹ »çŸ¦ ÁÖ½ÃÇÏ¸é¼ ÀϺ»ÀÌ Á¡°ÅÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ø ½Ä¹ÎÁö¿¡¼ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀÌ º¸ÀåµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀÔÀåÀ̾ú´Ù.
ÀϺ» Ç׺¹ µÚ ¹Ì±ºÀÌ Çѹݵµ¿¡ ÁøÁÖÇÏ´Â Á߿伺Àº ÈļøÀ§·Î ¹Ð·È´Ù. ¹Ì±¹¹«ºÎ´Â Çѹݵµ¿¡ ¹Ì±ºÀ» ½Å¼ÓÈ÷ ÁøÃâÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹Ì±º°ú ¼Ò·Ã±ºÀÇ °æ°è¼±À» °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ºÏÂÊÀ¸·Î ´õ ¸Ö°Ô »ïÀ¸·Á ½ÃµµÇß´Ù.
¼Ò·Ã±ºÀº Çѹݵµ·Î ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô Áø±ºÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¹Ý¸é Çѹݵµ¸¦ Á¡·ÉÇ϶ó´Â ¸í·ÉÀ» ¹ÞÀº ¹Ì±ºÀº ¿ÀÅ°³ª¿Í¿¡ ÁֵРÁßÀ̾ú°í ¹Ì±º À̵¿ ¿ì¼±±ÇÀº ÀϺ» º»Å並 Á¡·ÉÇÒ ºÎ´ë¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁø »óÅ¿´´Ù. ¹Ì±ºÀÌ ÁøÁÖÇÒ ÇѹݵµÀÇ 3°³ Áö¿ªÀº ¼¿ï°ú °³¼º, ±×¸®°í ¼¿ï ±Ùó ÀüÀïÆ÷·Î ¼ö¿ë¼Ò¿´´Ù.
¸¶¼È Á¦µ¶ µî ¹Ì±º ¼ö³úºÎ´Â Çѹݵµ¿¡¼ÀÇ ¹Ì¼Ò Á¡·É±º °æ°è¼±°ú ¹Ì±ºÀÇ Çѹݵµ ÁøÀÔ ½Ã°£°ú Àå¼Ò µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇùÀǸ¦ ÇßÁö¸¸ ¹Ì¼Ò Á¡·É±º °æ°è¼±À» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÃÖ¿ì¼±½Ã Çß´Ù. 1944³âºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛµÈ ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾´Ü°è´Â Àü·«Á¤Ã¥´Ü Á¤Ã¥°ú °úÀå µ¥À̺ñµå µò ·¯½ºÅ© ´ë·É°ú À°±º ¼Ò·É Âû½º ÇÏÆ®À£ º¸³×½ºÆ¿ 3¼¼°¡ ´ã´çÇß´Ù(·¯½ºÅ© ´ë·ÉÀº ÈÄ¿¡ F. Äɳ׵ð¿Í ¸°µç B. Á¸½¼ ÇàÁ¤ºÎ¿¡¼ Á¦54´ë ±¹¹«Àå°ü (1961~1969³â)À» Áö³»¸é¼ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä º£Æ®³² ÀüÀï Á¤Ã¥À» ÀÔ¾ÈÇß´Ù. º¸³×½ºÆ¿ 3¼¼ ¼Ò·ÉÀº 1966³âºÎÅÍ 1969³â±îÁö À¯¿£»ç·ÉºÎ ¹× ÁÖÇÑ ¹Ì±º »ç·É°üÀ» Áö³Â´Ù. ÀçÀÓ ±â°£ µ¿¾È 1·21 »çÅÂ¿Í Çª¿¡ºí·ÎÈ£ ÇǶø »ç°Ç, ¿ïÁø·»ïô ¹«Àå °øºñ ħÅõ »ç°Ç µîÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇß´Ù).
´ç½Ã ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ ºÏÀ§ 38µµ ¼±À» ¹Ì¼Ò Á¡·É±º °æ°è¼±À¸·Î »ïÀ» ¶§ ÁÖ·Î °í·ÁÇÑ Á¡Àº ±× °æ°è¼±ÀÌ Çѹݵµ ÇàÁ¤´ÜÀ§ÀÇ °æ°è¼±À̾î¾ß ÇÏ°í Á¤Ä¡Àû ÇÔÀÇ°¡ ¾ø¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿¬ÇÕ±¹ ¼ö³úµéÀÌ Çѹݵµ¸¦ ÀϺ» Á¡·É¿¡¼ Çعæ½ÃÄÑ ÀûÀýÇÑ ´Ü°è¸¦ °ÅÃÄ µ¶¸³±¹À¸·Î ¸¸µé±â·Î ÇÕÀÇÇ߱⠶§¹®À̾ú´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·± ÇÕÀÇ°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÌÇàµÉÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ »óÅ·Π³²°ÜÁ® ÀÖ¾î¼ ÀϺ»±º Ç׺¹À» Á¢¼öÇÒ ¹Ì¼Ò Á¡·É±ºÀÇ °æ°è¼±Àº Çѹݵµ µ¶¸³°ú °ü·ÃÇØ ¾î¶² Á¤Ä¡Àû Àǹ̰¡ °¨ÃçÁ® ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¿¬°ü¼ºÀ» ¹èÁ¦ÇØ¾ß Çß´Ù. ÀÌ·± Á¡À» °í·ÁÇØ °æ°è¼±Àº ´©±¸³ª ½±°Ô ÀνÄÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çѹݵµ Áö¹æÇàÁ¤ ±¸ºÐ¼±À§¿¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁ®¾ß Çß´Ù(Bonesteel letter).
·¯½ºÅ© ´ë·É°ú Âû½º ÇÏÆ®À£ º¸³×½ºÆ¿ 3¼¼ ¼Ò·ÉÀº ÀÌ·± Á¡À» °í·ÁÇØ Çѹݵµ¸¦ Àý¹ÝÀ¸·Î ³ª´©´Â ±º»çºÐ°è¼±À» ºÏÀ§ 38µµ ¼±À¸·Î ȹÁ¤ÇÏ°í ¹Ì±ºÀÇ ³²ÇÑ Á¡·É Áö¿ªÀ» ¼¿ï, °³¼º, ¼¿ï ±Ù¹æÀÇ ÀüÀï Æ÷·Î¼ö¿ë¼Ò 3°÷À¸·Î °ÇÀÇÇß´Ù.
¡ã 1945³â 9¿ù 8ÀÏ ¼ÅÂÆò¾ç Solomon Á¦µµ ÃÖ´ëÀÇ ¼¶ÀÎ ºÎ°Õºô¿¡¼ ÀϺ»±ºÀÌ È£ÁÖ±º¿¡°Ô Ç׺¹ÇÏ´Â Àå¸é. »çÁø=À§Å°¹Ìµð¾î |
¹Ì±º ¼¿ï°ú °³¼º, ¼¿ï ±Ù¹æÀÇ ÀüÀï Æ÷·Î¼ö¿ë¼Ò 3°÷ Á¡·É Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î °ËÅä
ÀϺ»±ºÀÇ Ç׺¹ Á¶°Ç°ú Çѹݵµ ó¸® ¹æħ µîÀÌ ´ã±ä Ç׺¹¹®¼ ‘ÀϹݸí·É Á¦1È£’ÀÇ ÃʾÈÀº 1945³â 8¿ù 11ÀÏ ÇÕµ¿Âü¸ðº»ºÎ ±âȹ´ã´çºÎ¼ÀÎ SWNCC¿¡ Àü´ÞµÆ´Ù. Á¦ÀÓ½º ´ø ±¹¹«ºÎ Â÷°üº¸´Â Çѹݵµ°¡ ´Ù·Ë(ÓÞÖ§) ·ò¼ø Ç׺¸´Ù ¹Ì±¹¿¡°Ô Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀ¸·Î ´õ Áß¿äÇÑ Áö¿ªÀ̶ó´Â °ßÇظ¦ ¹àÇû´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó 38µµ ¼± Á¦¾ÈÀÌ 'ÀϹݸí·É Á¦1È£'ÀÇ ÃʾÈÀ¸·Î ÇÕµ¿Âü¸ðº»ºÎ ±âȹÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ Ã¤ÅõǾú´Ù.
¹Ì±¹ Á¤ºÎ°¡ Çѹݵµ¿¡¼ÀÇ ¹Ì¼Ò Á¡·É±º °æ°è¼± ȹÀå¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ËÅ並 ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ» ´ç½Ã ¼Ò·ÃÀÌ Çѹݵµ ¹®Á¦¿¡ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ Èñ¹ÚÇÏ´Ù´Â Á¤º¸°¡ ÀüÇØÁ³´Ù(Sandusky, America's Parallel, pp. 242-48. Schnabel, Policy and Direction, p. 10; Bonesteel letter).
¿¬ÇÕ±¹ ÀÇȸ ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÇ¥´Ü ¿¡µåÀ© W. Æú¸®°¡ ¸ð½ºÅ©¹Ù¿¡¼ Æ®·ç¸Õ ´ëÅë·É¿¡°Ô ±ä±Þ Àü¹®À» º¸³» ÀüÈÄ ¹è»ó¹®Á¦°¡ ÇÕÀǵDZâ Àü¿¡ ÇѹݵµÀÇ °ø¾÷Áö´ë¸¦ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ¸¹ÀÌ Á¡·ÉÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í °ÇÀÇÇß´Ù.
Àª¸®¾ö ¾Ö¹ö·¼ Çظ®¸Õ ÁÖ¼Ò ´ë»ç´Â Æ®·ç¸Õ ´ëÅë·É¿¡°Ô ½ºÅ»¸°ÀÌ Áßȹα¹ ¿Ü±³ºÎ¿¡ ÀüÈÄ ¹è»ó ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ¿ä±¸¸¦ È®´ëÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ Çѹݵµ¿Í °üµÕ ¹Ýµµ¿¡ ±º´ë¸¦ ÁõÆÄÇϵµ·Ï ¿ä±¸Çß´Ù°í °æ°íÇß´Ù(Telegram, "The Chairman of the Council of Peoples Commissars of the Soviet Union (Stalin) to President Truman," 12 August 1945, translation in FRUS, 1945, VI, 643. Truman, Year of Decisions, pp. 433-34). ±×·¯³ª ±× ½Ã±â¿¡ ¼Ò·Ã±ºÀº ¸¸ÁÖ¿Í Çѹݵµ¸¦ ÇâÇØ Áø±ºÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
¼Ò·Ã À°±º 25»ç´ÜÀº À°·Î·Î µÎ¸¸°À» °Ç³Ê °ø¼¼¸¦ ÃëÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú°í ¼Ò·Ã ÇرºÀº ºÏµ¿ºÎ Çѹݵµ Çؾȿ¡ »ó·úÀÛÀüÀ» Àü°³Çß´Ù(Sandusky, America's Parallel, pp. 204-18; Raymond L. Gartoff, "Soviet Operations in the War With Japan, 1945," US Naval Institute Proceedings, 112 (No. 5, 1966), 53-54; Naval Operations Against Soviet Russia, Japanese Monograph No. 106, Military History Section, Headquarters, Army Forces Far East, 24 January 1952, p. 17). 8¿ù15ÀÏ SWNCC´Â ÀϺ»ÀÇ Ç׺¹ Á¶°ÇÀ» ´ãÀº 'ÀϹݸí·É Á¦1È£' ÃÖÁ¾¾ÈÀ» Æ®·ç¸Õ ´ëÅë·É¿¡°Ô Á¦ÃâÇß°í Æ®·ç¸ÕÀº À̸¦ ½ÂÀÎÇØ ¼Ò·Ã°ú ¿µ±¹¿¡ º¸³Â´Ù. SWNCC´Â À̶§ ¹Ì ´ëÅë·É¿¡°Ô ¼Ò·ÃÀÌ Çѹݵµ¿¡¼ÀÇ ¹Ì¼Ò Á¡·É±º °æ°è¼±À» ¹Þ¾Æµå¸®Áö ¾Ê°í ¸Æ¾Æ´õ ºÎ´ë¿¡ ¾Õ¼ ¼¿ïÀ» Á¡·ÉÇÒ °æ¿ì ¹Ì Á¡·É±ºÀº ºÎ»ê¿¡ »ó·úÇÒ °ÍÀ» °ÇÀÇÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ºÅ»¸°Àº ºÏÀ§ 38µµ¼± ȹÁ¤¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù(SWNCC Memorandum for Information No. 20, "Surrender of Japan," 17 August 1945, contains the texts of the messages sent to Atlee, Stalin, and Chiang Kai-shek (CCS 387 Japan (2-7-45) Sec 2, RG 218, Box 137, NA). See also Schnabel, Policy and Direction, pp. 10-11).
¡ã ÇÊÀÚ ¼Ò°³ |
°ü¸®ÀÚ freemediaf@gmail.com
<ÀúÀÛ±ÇÀÚ © ÀÚÀ¯¾ð·Ð½ÇõÀç´Ü, ¹«´Ü ÀüÀç ¹× Àç¹èÆ÷ ±ÝÁö>