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ÀϺ»±ºÀÇ Ç׺¹ Á¶°Ç°ú Çѹݵµ ó¸® ¹æħ µîÀÌ ´ã±ä Ç׺¹¹®¼­ ‘ÀϹݸí·É Á¦1È£’ÀÇ ÃʾÈÀº 8¿ù 11ÀÏ ÇÕµ¿Âü¸ðº»ºÎ ±âȹ´ã´çºÎ¼­ÀÎ SWNCC¿¡ Àü´ÞµÆ´Ù. Á¦ÀÓ½º ´ø ±¹¹«ºÎ Â÷°üº¸´Â Çѹݵµ°¡ ´Ù·Ë(ÓÞÖ§) ·ò¼ø Ç׺¸´Ù ¹Ì±¹¿¡°Ô Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀ¸·Î ´õ Áß¿äÇÑ Áö¿ªÀ̶ó´Â °ßÇظ¦ ¹àÇû´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó 38µµ ¼± Á¦¾ÈÀÌ ‘ÀϹݸí·É Á¦1È£’ÀÇ ÃʾÈÀ¸·Î ÇÕµ¿Âü¸ðº»ºÎ ±âȹÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ Ã¤ÅõǾú´Ù.

¹Ì±¹ Á¤ºÎ°¡ Çѹݵµ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¹Ì¼Ò Á¡·É±º °æ°è¼± ȹÀå¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ËÅ並 ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ» ´ç½Ã ¼Ò·ÃÀÌ Çѹݵµ ¹®Á¦¿¡ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ Èñ¹ÚÇÏ´Ù´Â Á¤º¸°¡ ÀüÇØÁ³´Ù.ÁÖ15)

¿¬ÇÕ±¹ ÀÇȸ ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÇ¥´Ü ¿¡µåÀ© W. Æú¸®°¡ ¸ð½ºÅ©¹Ù¿¡¼­ Æ®·ç¸Õ ´ëÅë·É¿¡°Ô ±ä±Þ Àü¹®À» º¸³» ÀüÈÄ ¹è»ó¹®Á¦°¡ ÇÕÀǵDZâ Àü¿¡ ÇѹݵµÀÇ °ø¾÷Áö´ë¸¦ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ¸¹ÀÌ Á¡·ÉÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í °ÇÀÇÇß´Ù.

Àª¸®¾ö ¾Ö¹ö·¼ Çظ®¸Õ ÁÖ¼Ò ´ë»ç´Â Æ®·ç¸Õ ´ëÅë·É¿¡°Ô ½ºÅ»¸°ÀÌ ÁßÈ­¹Î±¹ ¿Ü±³ºÎ¿¡ ÀüÈÄ ¹è»ó ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ¿ä±¸¸¦ È®´ëÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ Çѹݵµ¿Í °üµÕ ¹Ýµµ¿¡ ±º´ë¸¦ ÁõÆÄÇϵµ·Ï ¿ä±¸Çß´Ù°í °æ°íÇß´Ù.ÁÖ16) ±×·¯³ª ±× ½Ã±â¿¡ ¼Ò·Ã±ºÀº ¸¸ÁÖ¿Í Çѹݵµ¸¦ ÇâÇØ Áø±ºÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

¼Ò·Ã À°±º 25»ç´ÜÀº À°·Î·Î µÎ¸¸°­À» °Ç³Ê °ø¼¼¸¦ ÃëÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú°í ¼Ò·Ã ÇرºÀº ºÏµ¿ºÎ Çѹݵµ Çؾȿ¡ »ó·úÀÛÀüÀ» Àü°³Çß´Ù.ÁÖ17) 8¿ù 15ÀÏ SWNCC´Â ÀϺ»ÀÇ Ç׺¹ Á¶°ÇÀ» ´ãÀº ‘ÀϹݸí·É Á¦1È£’ ÃÖÁ¾¾ÈÀ» Æ®·ç¸Õ ´ëÅë·É¿¡°Ô Á¦ÃâÇß°í Æ®·ç¸ÕÀº À̸¦ ½ÂÀÎÇØ ¼Ò·Ã°ú ¿µ±¹¿¡ º¸³Â´Ù. SWNCC´Â À̶§ ¹Ì ´ëÅë·É¿¡°Ô ¼Ò·ÃÀÌ Çѹݵµ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¹Ì¼Ò Á¡·É±º °æ°è¼±À» ¹Þ¾Æµå¸®Áö ¾Ê°í ¸Æ¾Æ´õ ºÎ´ë¿¡ ¾Õ¼­ ¼­¿ïÀ» Á¡·ÉÇÒ °æ¿ì ¹Ì Á¡·É±ºÀº ºÎ»ê¿¡ »ó·úÇÒ °ÍÀ» °ÇÀÇÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ºÅ»¸°Àº ºÏÀ§ 38µµ¼± ȹÁ¤¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.ÁÖ18)

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1) Joint War Plans Committee Directive JWPC 264/D, 22 August 1944, "Occupation of Strategic Positions Upon Japanese Withdrawal, Collapse, or Surrender," in folder CCS 386.2 Japan (4-9-45)* Section 1, RG 218, Box 135.

2) Minutes of the 204th meeting of the Joint Planning Staff, 30 May 1945; JWPC 264/1, "Strategic Positions Selected for Occupation Upon Japanese Withdrawal, Collapse, or Surrender," 8 June 1945, in Folder CCS 386.2 Japan (4-9-45) Sec. 2, RG 218, Box 135, NA. See also Ray S. Cline, United States Army in World War II: The War Department: Washington Command Post: The Operations Division (Washington: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1951), p. 344.

3) JCS Message WARX 17064 to Commander in Chief, US Army Forces, Pacific and Commander in Chief US Pacific Fleet, Information to Commanding General Twentieth Air Force, 14 June 1945, in JCS 1331/4, folder CCS 386.2 Japan (4-9-45) Sec. 2, RG 218, Box 135, NA.

4) "Outline Plan for the U.S. Occupation of Strategic Positions in the Far East in the Event of a Japanese Collapse or Surrender Prior to `Olympic' or `Coronet'" Appendix A to JWPC 264/6, 10 July 1945, in folder CCS 386.2 Japan (4-9-45) Sec. 3, RG 218, Box 135, NA.

5) James F. Schnabel, United States Army in the Korean War: Policy and Direction: The First Year (Washington: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1961), pp. 2-3. Reports of General MacArthur Prepared by His General Staff, vol. 1 supplement, MacArthur in Japan: The Occupation: Military Phase (Washington: 1966), p. 2.

6) Chief of Staff "Memorandum for the President," 25 July 1945, in folder ABC 014 Japan (13 Apr 44) Sec. 1A, RG 165, Entry 421, Box 19, NA.

7) Schnabel, Policy and Direction, p. 7; Roy E. Appleman, United States Army in the Korean War: South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: June-November 1950 (Washington: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1961), pp. 2-3.

8) JCS Message VICTORY 295, Personal to MacArthur, Info Handy, from Marshall, 25 July 1945; JCS Message, VICTORY 294, From Hull Personal to Craig, 25 July 1945 in OPD 1945 series, folder OPD 014.1 Top Secret (Sec. III), RG 165, Entry 419, Box 108, NA.

9) The Blacklist plans and OPD briefs based on those plans are in OPD folders "Australian Ports to BLACKLIST Ed. 1" and "BLACKLIST Ed. 3 to BOLERO," RG 218, Boxes 1776 and 1777, NA. A copy of the CAMPUS plan and OPD brief is in folder OPD 014.1 Top Secret (Sec. IV), Case 58, RG 165, Entry 419, Box 108, NA.

10) ‘¸®Æ² º¸ÀÌ’¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ÀÌµé ¿øÀÚÆøźÀº ¿äÁò ¼ÒÇüÂ÷ Á¤µµÀÇ Å©±â¿´Áö¸¸ À§·ÂÀº ¾öû³ª¼­ 1945³â ¸»±îÁö 21¸¸ ¸íÀÌ ¼ûÁö°í 2021³â ¸» ÇöÀç 26¸¸ ¸íÀÇ ÇÇÆøÀÚ°¡ ÈÄÀ¯ÁõÀ» ¾Î°í ÀÖ´Ù. Entry of the Soviet Union, pp. 106-07.

11) Documents concerning SWNCC and JCS staff deliberations on issues involving the other allies are in folder CCS 387 Japan (2-7-45) Sec. 2, "Unconditional Surrender of Japan," RG 218, Box 137, NA.

12) Letter, General (ret.) C. H. Bonesteel III to Major Donald W. Boose, Jr., 14 April 1973, hereafter, Bonesteel letter. Memorandum by Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs, Dean Rusk, 12 July 1950, in FRUS, 1945, VI, 1039. Documents relating to the development of General Order No. 1 are included in the SWNCC 21 series of documents ("Unconditional Surrender of Japan") in folder CCS 387 Japan (2-7-45) Sec. 2, RG 218, Box 137, NA.

13) ·¯½ºÅ© ´ë·ÉÀº ÈÄ¿¡ F. Äɳ׵ð¿Í ¸°µç B. Á¸½¼ ÇàÁ¤ºÎ¿¡¼­ Á¦54´ë ±¹¹«Àå°ü(1961³â ~ 1969³â)À» Áö³»¸é¼­ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä º£Æ®³² ÀüÀï Á¤Ã¥À» ÀÔ¾ÈÇß´Ù. º¸³×½ºÆ¿ 3¼¼ ¼Ò·ÉÀº 1966³âºÎÅÍ 1969³â±îÁö À¯¿£»ç·ÉºÎ ¹× ÁÖÇÑ ¹Ì±º »ç·É°üÀ» Áö³Â´Ù. ÀçÀÓ ±â°£ µ¿¾È 1·21 »çÅÂ¿Í Çª¿¡ºí·ÎÈ£ ÇǶø »ç°Ç, ¿ïÁø·»ïô ¹«Àå °øºñ ħÅõ »ç°Ç µîÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇß´Ù.

14) Bonesteel letter.

15) Sandusky, America's Parallel, pp. 242-48. Schnabel, Policy and Direction, p. 10; Bonesteel letter.

16) Telegram, "The Chairman of the Council of Peoples Commissars of the Soviet Union (Stalin) to President Truman," 12 August 1945, translation in FRUS, 1945, VI, 643. Truman, Year of Decisions, pp. 433-34.

17) Sandusky, America's Parallel, pp. 204-18; Raymond L. Gartoff, "Soviet Operations in the War With Japan, 1945," US Naval Institute Proceedings, 112 (No. 5, 1966), 53-54; Naval Operations Against Soviet Russia, Japanese Monograph No. 106, Military History Section, Headquarters, Army Forces Far East, 24 January 1952, p. 17.

18) SWNCC Memorandum for Information No. 20, "Surrender of Japan," 17 August 1945, contains the texts of the messages sent to Atlee, Stalin, and Chiang Kai-shek (CCS 387 Japan (2-7-45) Sec 2, RG 218, Box 137, NA). See also Schnabel, Policy and Direction, pp. 10-11.

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