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  • ½ÂÀÎ 2020.11.06 14:47
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(1)

µ¿¼­°í±ÝÀ» ÅëÇØ Äá ¶§¹®¿¡ Å©°Ô ¸ÁÇÑ Á¤Ä¡ÀÎÀÌ µÑ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï ÇÇŸ°í¶ó½º¿Í Æ®·³ÇÁ´Ù. ¸ÕÀú ÇÇŸ°í¶ó½º°¡ ÄáÀ¸·Î Àλý ¸»¾Æ¸ÔÀº ¾ê±â.

¢ºÄᳪ¹«¸¦ º¸°í ¼Õ»ç·¡¸¦ Ä¡´Â ÇÇŸ°í¶ó½º. Pythagoras, pictured here next to a fava bean plant, might have had good reason to fear them.

ÇÇŸ°í¶ó½º´Â ¼öÇÐÀÚÀ̱⵵ ÇßÁö¸¸ Á¤Ä¡ÀÎÀ̱⵵ Çß´Ù. Á¤Ä¡ÀÎÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ±×´Â °úµÎÁ¦¸¦ ÁöÁöÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î ¸Å¿ì º¸¼öÀûÀ̾ú´Ù. ´ç¿¬È÷ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀ̾ú´Ù.

ÄáÀº ±×¸®½º ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÇ »ó¡À̶ó ÇÒ ¸¸Çß´Ù. ½Ã¹ÎµéÀº ÄáÀ¸·Î ÅõÇ¥±ÇÀ» Çà»çÇß´Ù. ÅõÇ¥(÷áøù)°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÅõµÎ(÷áÔç)¶ó ÇØ¾ß Çϳª? ƯÈ÷ °ø¹«¿ø°ú ¹è½É¿ø µîÀ» ¼±ÃâÇÒ ¶§ ÄáÀ» »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¾ß “¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ ¹Ì¿öÇÏ´ø ÇÇŸ°í¶ó½º´Â Äá±îÁö ¹Ì¿öÇÏ°Ô µÆ´Ù”´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ ÁöÁöÇÏ´ø Å©·ÎÅæ ½Ã¹ÎµéÀº ÇÇŸ°í¶ó½ºÀÇ “³ª´Â Äáµµ ½È°í ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǵµ ½È¾î¿ä” Ÿ·É¿¡ ºÐ³ëÇß´Ù. È­°¡ ³­ ½Ã¹ÎµéÀº °á±¹ ±×¸¦ ÂѾƳ´Ù.

ÇÇŸ°í¶ó½º°¡ »ýÀ» ¸¶°¨ÇÏÀÚ ¾ÆÅ׳×ÀϺ¸´Â ÀÌ·± ºÎÀ½±â»ç¸¦ ³Â´Ù. ‘ÄáÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¸øÇØ ¸ÁÇÑ Á¤Ä¡ÀÎ ÇÇŸ°í¶ó½º¾¾, ¸ð³â¸ð¿ù¸ð½Ã ¸ÞŸÆùƼ¿Â ½Ã¿¡¼­ »ç¸Á. Çâ³â 80¼¼.’

¢ºÆ®·³ÇÁ¿Í µþ, ¾Ë¶û¹æ±¸¾¾.(¿ÞÂʺÎÅÍ)

(2)

ÀÌÁ¦ Æ®·³ÇÁ ¾ê±â. Æ®·³ÇÁµµ Äá ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸ÁÇß´Ù. À̾߱âÀÇ °³¿ä´Â ÀÌ·¸´Ù.

Áö³­ 7¿ù ¹é¾Ç°üÀÇ ÃÊûÀ» ¹ÞÀº ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Äá ÅëÁ¶¸² ȸ»ç CEO ·Î¹öÆ® ¿ì³ª´©¿¡´Â ÀÌ·± ½Î°¡Áö ¾ø´Â ¸»À» Çß´Ù. “Æ®·³ÇÁ ´ëÅë·É °°Àº ÁöµµÀÚ¶û µ¿½Ã´ë¸¦ »ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀº Ãູ¹ÞÀº ÀÏÀÌÁê!”

±Ùµ¥ ±× ȸ»ç´Â ¹Ì±¹ ÃÖ´ëÀÇ È÷½ºÆÐ´Ð°è ½Äǰȸ»ç´Ù. ÁÖ °í°´µµ È÷½ºÆÐ´Ð°è ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀÌ´Ù. È÷½ºÆдаè´Â ±× CEOÀÇ ¾Ë¶û¹æ±¸¿¡ Å©°Ô ºÐ³ëÇß´Ù. Æ®·³ÇÁ´Â È÷½ºÆдаè À̹ÎÀÚµéÀ» ‘°­°£¹ü’ ‘¹üÁËÀÚ’·Î ºÎ¸£´ø ÀÎÁ¾ÁÖÀÇÀÚ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡!

È÷½ºÆдаè´Â “Äá ÅëÁ¶¸² ȸ»çÀÇ Á¦Ç°À» »ç¸ÔÁö ¸»ÀÚ”¸ç ºÒ¸Å¿îµ¿¿¡ µé¾î°¬´Ù. ¾ó·¯¸®, ÀÌ¿¡ ¹Ý¹ßÇÑ ¹éÀÎ ¾ç¾ÆÄ¡µéÀº “¾Ë¶û¹æ±¸ Äá ÅëÁ¶¸²¸¸ ¸ÔÀÚ”¸ç ¿ª°ø¼¼¿¡ µ¹ÀÔÇß´Ù.

¿ÍÁß¿¡ Æ®·³ÇÁ¿Í ½Î°¡Áö ¾ø´Â µþ À̹æÄ«´Â ±× ¾Ë¶û¹æ±¸ ȸ»çÀÇ ÅëÁ¶¸² ÄáÀ» ¸Ô´Â ¸ð½ÀÀ» ¼±º¸¿´´Ù. ±× Àú±ÞÇÔ¿¡ È÷½ºÆдаè´Â Æдп¡ ºüÁ³°í, ¹éÀÎ ¾ç¾ÆÄ¡µéÀº ȯȣÇÏ¸ç °áÁýÇß´Ù. ¶æÀÖ´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀº “Æ®·³ÇÁÀÇ ÄáÀÌ ¹Ì±¹À» µÎ µ¿°­ ³Â´Ù”¸ç Çô¸¦ á´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ “ÄáÀ¸·Î ÈïÇÏ·Á´Â ÀÚ ÄáÀ¸·Î ¸ÁÇϸ®¶ó”´Â ¿¹¾ðµµ Çß´Ù.

¿¹¾ðÀº ¸Â¾Ò´Ù. Æ®·³ÇÁ´Â Äá ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸ÁÇß´Ù. È­°¡ ³­ ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀº °á±¹ ±×¸¦ ¹é¾Ç°ü¿¡¼­ ÂѾƳ¾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¢ºÆĹ٠ºóÀ» °·Áº¸´Â ÇÇŸÄá¶ó½º (¿µÁ¤ »çÁø)


(ºÎ·Ï)


Á¤Ä¡ÀÎ ÇÇŸ°í¶ó½º

ÄáÀº ±×¸®½º ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ‘°øÇå’Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °úµÎÁ¦ ÁöÁöÀÚ¿´´ø ÇÇŸ°í¶ó½º´Â ÄáÀ» ¶Ë Ãë±ÞÇß´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Á¤ÀûÀº ¹®¿¹¸¦ Àå·ÁÇÑ ÂüÁÖ Æú¸®Å©¶óÅ×½º¿´´Ù. ¾Æ¸®½ºÅäÅÚ·¹½º´Â “ÇÇŸ°í¶ó½º´Â ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ°¡ ½È¾î ÄáÀ» ±âÇÇ Çß´Ù”°í ¿©°å´Ù. What the Greeks invented — democracy and clean elections — can be attributed to the bean. The Greeks selected many public officials — and jurors — using black and white beans. You might guess beans were used for voting. Nevertheless, Pythagoras disliked the method — he is supposed to have said: “Have nothing to do with the bean.” He favored oligarchy. Aristotle thought that Pythagoreans abstained from beans as a political protest against democracy, since colored beans could be used to cast votes in elections.

ÇÇŸ°í¶ó½ºÀÇ Äá ±âÇÇ ÀÌÀ¯

“Äá ¸ÔÁö ¸¶. Äá ¸¸ÁöÁö ¸¶. Äá¹ç¿¡¼­ ½Å¹ß²öµµ ¸ÅÁö ¸¶. ³ª´Â Äá»çÅÁµµ ½È¾î¿ä.” ÇÇŸ°í¶ó½º´Â ÄáÀ» ¹Ì¿öÇß´Ù. ±×°¡ ¼¼¿î ½ÅºñÁÖÀÇ Á¾±³´ÜüÀÇ °è¸í 1È£µµ ‘Äá ±Ý±â’¿¡ °üÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¼³ÀÌ ÀüÇØÁ® ³»·Á¿Â´Ù.

¤±±×´Â Äá°ú Àΰ£ÀÇ ¼ººÐÀÌ °°´Ù°í º¸¾Ò´Ù. ¼ººÐÀÌ °°´Ù¸é ÄáÀº ÀÎÀ°(ìÑë¿)°ú ´Ù¸§¾ø´Ù. °í·Î »ç¶÷Àº ÄáÀ» ÇÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¹öÆ®¶õÆ® ·¯¼¿Àº “ÇÇŸ°í¶ó½º´Â ÄáÀ» ¸Ô´Â °ÍÀº ¾ÇÀ» ÀúÁö¸£´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù°í ¿©°å´Ù. °í±â¿¡¸¸ ÀÖ´Â ´Ü¹éÁúÀÌ Äá¿¡ dzºÎÇÏ´Ï ÄáÀ» °í±â·Î º» °Í ¾Æ´Ò±î”¶ó´Â ¸»¾¸À» Çϼ̴Ù. ÀÌ ¸»Àº Çø®´Ï¿ì½ºÀÇ ¸»¿¡¼­ ÈùÆ®¸¦ ¾òÀº µí.(¾Æ´Ô ¸»°í). According to Pliny, Pythagoreans believed that fava beans could contain the souls of the dead, since they were flesh-like. (The beans’ association with reincarnation and the soul made eating fava beans close to cannibalism.)

¤±ÇÇŸ°í¶ó½º´Â “Äá¹çÀ» Áö³ª´À´Ï Àû¿¡°Ô ÀâÇô Æ÷·Î·Î Á×´Â °ÍÀÌ Â÷¶ó¸® ³´´Ù”°í Çß´Ù. Äá ¾Ë·¹¸£±â ȯÀÚ¿´´Ù´Â ¾ê±âµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¾ó±¼°ú ¸ö¿¡´Â (Äá ¶§¹®¿¡?) ¹ÝÁ¡ÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ³ª ÀÖ¾ú¾ú´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. Sadly, one fateful day when Pythagoras found himself pursued by enemies, he refused to cut across a bean field to escape and was overtaken and slain: such was his ill-considered aversion to the bean.

¤±ÇÇŸ°í¶ó½º´Â ±Ý¿åÁÖÀÇÀÚ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×´Â “Äá(ÆĹ٠ºó, fava beans)Àº ¿©ÀÚÀÇ ¼º±â ºñ½º¹«¸® »ý°å´Ù”¸ç ¾È ¸Ô¾ú´Ù.

¤±ÄáÀ» ¸ÔÀ¸¸é ¼ÓÀÌ ´õºÎ·èÇØÁ®¼­ ±âÇÇÇß´Ù. ¹è°¡ ºÎÇ®¾î ¿À¸£¸é ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¿µÈ¥À» °¡Áú ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ¿©°å´Ù.

Äá°ú ÇÇŸ°í¶ó½ºÀÇ Á×À½

±×ÀÇ Á×À½¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ¼³ÀÌ ³­¹«ÇÑ´Ù.

¤±Legend has it Pythagoras had to live in a cave for a time, to hide from a dictator. Some accounts of his death describe him fleeing attackers, who chase him until a field of flowering fava beans blocks his way. When he refuses to run any further, he’s killed.

¤± In around 510 BC, Pythagoras's followers came into conflict with supporters of democracy and Pythagorean meeting houses were burned. Pythagoras may have been killed during this persecution, or escaped to Metapontum, where he eventually died.

¤±The supporters of democracy, headed by Cylon and Ninon, the former of whom is said to have been irritated by his exclusion from Pythagoras's brotherhood, roused the populace against them. Followers of Cylon and Ninon attacked the Pythagoreans during one of their meetings, either in the house of Milo or in some other meeting-place. Accounts of the attack are often contradictory and many probably confused it with later anti-Pythagorean rebellions. The building was apparently set on fire, and many of the assembled members perished; only the younger and more active members managed to escape.

¤±After the Pythagorean supported oligarchy at Kroton was overthrown around 450 BCE, Taras (Tarentum) became the centre of Pythagoreanism.

¢º±×¸² ¼³¸í = 69±Ý

(½ÉÈ­ÇнÀ)

Ȳõ°ú ¿¬°áµÈ Äá

Äᳪ¹«¸¦ Çϵ¥½º¿Í ¿¬°áµÅ ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç´Ù¸®·Î ¿©±è. Due to their black-spotted flowers and hollow stems, some believers thought the plants connected earth and Hades, providing ladders for human souls. Aristotle, writing earlier, went much further. One possible reason for the ban, he wrote, was that the bulbous shape of beans represented the entire universe.

Èñ»ýÁ¦ÀÇ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ Äá

Beans were often used for sacrifices, and in later Rome, priests of Jupiter couldn’t touch or even mention beans, due to their association with death and decay. For Roman funerary feasts, or silicernium, certain ritual foods were served: eggs, lentils, poultry, and favas.


ÄáÀº ¸¶¹ýÀÇ ÀÛ¹°

There’s also more earthly reasons to avoid beans. Diogenes Laertius, the Roman biographer of the Greek philosophers, wrote that beans were made of soul-stuff, much of which was present in humans. As it happens, the Greek word anemos means both “wind” and “soul.” Famously, beans are the magical fruit. Diogenes thought the excessive farting caused by eating too many fava beans was downright disturbing.

¹«½ÄÇÑ À¯·´Àεé

ÄáÀ» óÀ½ º» À¯·´ÀεéÀº ‘¾Ç¸¶ÀÇ ¿­¸Å’¶ó ºÒ·¶´Ù. ·»Á ÅëÇØ ÄáÀ» È®´ëÇØ º¸¸é °¡²û ¾Ç¸¶ÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀÌ º¸¿´´ë³ª ¾î·´ë³ª.

¹«½ÄÇÑ ÀÌÁýÆ®Àΰú ·Î¸¶ÀÎ

Äá ¸ÔÀ¸¸é Á״´Ù! ÀÌÁýÆ®Àεé°ú ·Î¸¶Àε鵵 ÄáÀ» ‘Á×À½ÀÇ »ó¡’À¸·Î ¿©°å´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. Followers lived communally, studied the cosmos, and ate vegetarian. But unlike today’s vegetarians, they also avoided beans. This wasn’t just a quirk. Like the Ancient Egyptians and Romans, they considered broad beans (also known as fava beans) a supernatural symbol of death. And due to a deadly allergy, the beans likely deserved their reputation.


ÆĹ٠ºó½º

À̾߱⿡ µîÀåÇÏ´Â ÄáÀº ÆĹ٠ºó½º. Fava beans remain common in Greece, but other popular beans, such as green beans, kidney beans, and lima beans, only reached Europe and Asia after 1492. “When the word bean is used in European texts prior to 1492, it is almost always the fava,” writes food historian Ken Albala. Many cultures had mixed feelings about favas. The Greek historian Herodotus wrote that Egyptians refused to cultivate beans at all. Äá ¶§¹®¿¡ Á¶·Õ¹ÞÀº... The Greeks ate plenty of fava beans, and Pythagorean beliefs were mocked. The poet Horace tauntingly called beans “relations of Pythagoras.”


Äá°ú ¿ø¼þÀÌ¿Í Áã¿Í ´ß

¤±2018³â, À̸í¹ÚÀÌ ±¸Ä¡¼Ò¿¡ °®È÷ÀÚ ³­µ¥¾øÀÌ ¿Â¶óÀο¡ ÀÌ·± ¼Ò¹®ÀÌ µ¹¾Ò´Ù. “À̸í¹Ú, Äá ¾Ë·¹¸£±â ÀÖ´Ù!” ¾Ë°íº¸´Ï Çê¼Ò¹®À̾ú´Ù. ´©±º°¡°¡ YTN ´º½º È­¸éÀ» ¿Ö°îÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. Áø½ÇÀº? “À̸í¹ÚÀº Äá¹ä ¾ÆÁÖ¸¹ÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇϽŴٔ.

¤±2013³â, ¹Ú±ÙÇý°¡ ±¤º¹ 71Áֳ⠰æÃà»ç¸¦ ÀÐÀ¸¸ç “Äá ÇÑÂʵµ ³ª´²¸Ô´ø ¿ì¸® ¹ÎÁ·.... ±× Á¤½ÅÀÌ ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ »õ ¸ðµ¨” ¿î¿îÇÏÀÚ. Äá½ÃÀ§°¡ ¹ú¾îÁ³´Ù.

2016³â, ¼­¿ï ±¤È­¹®¿¡¼­ ´ßÅðÁø ½ÃÀ§°¡ ¹ú¾îÁ³´Ù. ½ÃÀ§¿ëÇ° Áß¿¡´Â ‘¹Ú±ÙÇý ±×¸¸ µÎÀ¯’µµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀüÁÖ¿¡¼­´Â ‘±ÙÇý ¹Ú’ ¾ó±¼¿¡ ÄáÁָӴϸ¦ ´øÁö´Â Çлýµéµµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

¤±¹ÚÁ¤Èñ´Â Á¶¼±ÀϺ¸ÀÇ “³ª´Â Äá»çÅÁÀÌ ½È¾î¿ä” ±â»ç¿¡ ÈûÀÔ¾î Àå±âÁý±ÇÀ» ´©·È´Ù.


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