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  • ½ÂÀÎ 2018.08.30 15:25
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Prince Rupert and his "familiar" dog in a pamphlet titled "The Cruel Practices of Prince Rupert" (1643).

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ÀϺ»ÀÇ °³±Í½Å ÀÌ´©°¡¹Ìµµ »ç¿ª¸¶ °¡¿îµ¥ Çϳª.

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Á¶Çöõ µîÀº ¹Ú±ÙÇýÀÇ »ç¿ª¸¶¿´À»±î. ±×µéÀº Áö¼ºµµ °¨Á¤µµ ¾øÀÌ ¹Ú±ÙÇý¿¡°Ô ¸Í¸ñÀû Ã漺À» ¹ÙÄ£ °ÍÀϱî. ¹Ú±ÙÇý°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô º¸ÀåÇØÁØ ÈûÀº ¾î´À Á¤µµ¿´À»±î. ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ´É°¡ÇÏ´Â ÈûÀ» ÁÖÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò°ÚÁö. ±×·¸´Ù¸é °è¾ö·É ¾î¼±¸ ÇÏ´Â ¾ê±âµµ °á±¹ ¹Ú±ÙÇýÀÇ ÀÔ¿¡¼­ ¸ÕÀú ³ª¿Â °Ô ¾Æ´Ò±î.

late 16th-century English illustration of a witch feeding her familiars.

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ÞÅæµØª. ÞŪ¤Øª, familiar spirits. ¸¶³à, ÁÖ¼ú»ç¿¡°Ô Àý´ëº¹Á¾ÇÏ´Â Á¤·É, µ¿¹° µûÀ§. In European folklore and folk-belief of the Medieval and Early Modern periods, familiar spirits (sometimes referred to simply as "familiars" or "animal guides") were believed to be supernatural entities that would assist witches and cunning folk in their practice of magic. they would appear in numerous guises, often as an animal, but also at times as a human or humanoid figure. The main purpose of familiars is to serve the witch or young witch, providing protection for them as they come into their new powers.

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ÃкÒÁ¤º¸ ¼öÁý. The medicine man sends his familiar spirit to gather the information. While this is occurring, the man himself is in a state of receptivity, in sleep or trance.

À¯·´ÀÇ °æ¿ì
Familiars are most common in western European mythology, with some scholars arguing that familiars are only present in the traditions of Great Britain and France. In these areas three categories of familiars are believed to exist:
- human familiars, throughout Western Europe
- divinatory animals, Great Britain and France
- malevolent animals, only in Greece

»ç¿ª¸¶´Â °³´Ù
°á±¹ °³´Â ±ú°»ÇÏ°í »ç¸ÁÇϽÉ. Prince Rupert and his "familiar" dog in a pamphlet titled "The Cruel Practices of Prince Rupert" (1643). During the English Civil War, the Royalist general Prince Rupert was in the habit of taking his large poodle dog named Boye into battle with him. Throughout the war the dog was greatly feared among the Parliamentarian forces and credited with supernatural powers. As noted by Morgan, the dog was apparently considered a kind of familiar. At the end of the war the dog was shot, allegedly with a silver bullet.

Frontispiece from the witch hunter Matthew Hopkins' The Discovery of Witches (1647), showing witches identifying their familiar spirits.

ÀÛÀº ¾Ç±Íµé
Familiar spirits were most commonly small animals, such as cats, rats, dogs, ferrets, birds, frogs, toads, and hares. There were also cases of wasps and butterflies, as well as pigs, sheep, and horses. Familiar spirits were usually kept in pots or baskets lined with sheep’s wool and fed a variety of things including, milk, bread, meat, and blood.

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