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  • ½ÂÀÎ 2020.08.28 15:40
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(1)

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(2)

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»ê±Í½Å

Vila (plural: vile) is a South Slavic fairy. Áö¿ª¿¡ µû¶ó ÇÏ´ÂÁþÀÌ ´Ù¸¥µ¥....

¤±¾Æ±â¸¦ ÈÉÃÄ°£´Ù. They steal children and substitute them with changelings.

¤±º´À» °íÃÄ Áشٴ ¼Ò¹®ÀÌ Àִµ¥, ¿ÀÈ÷·Á º´µé¾î Á×°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. Anyone who calls them becomes stiff and moves only with difficulty. He is stricken by disease and dies within a year or two.

¤±½Ã²ô·´°Ô Áö¶öÇÑ´Ù. At night, they roam the clouds emitting a terrible noise of pipes and drums.

¤±Áöµé ¸» ¾È µé¾îÁشٰí Áö¶öÇÑ´Ù. They can take horrible revenge on those who disregard their orders, or uninvitedly approach their circle dance.

¤±»ç¶÷ Á¤½ÅÀ» ½ï »©³õ´Â´Ù. They confuse men's spirits with their arrows.

¤±»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹» ÀÚ²Ù °®´Ù ¹ÙÄ¡¸ç ¹Þµé¾î ¸ð¼Å¾ß Áö¶öÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. The folk venerated them by placing flowers, food and drink before caves where they were believed to have lived.

¤±ÈíÇ÷±Í´Ù. TMeyer's Konversationslexikon defines Wiles or Wilis(´Ù¸¥ À̸§ÀÌÀ¯) as female vampires.

¤±½Ó¹ÚÁú ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. Their fondness for fighting is reminiscent of the teutonic Valkyrie and is unique in Slavic mythology.

¤±´ëÇüº´¿ø »çÀÌÁîÀÇ ¼º°°Àº °Å´ë°Ç¹°À» ¼¼¿ì±æ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. They build splendid castles at the edges of clouds.

¤±±×·¡ºÃÀÚ ¹Ùº¸´Ù. In the Chronicle of Dalimil vila is "fool" (as in Old Polish).

¤±¸ðÀÌ´Â °É ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. ¸ð¿©¼­ ¹¹ÇϳÄ. ÃãÃá´Ù. According to Heine, wilis are unable to rest in their graves because they could not satisfy their passion for dancing, especially in town squares.

¤±½ÅÀÇ ÀúÁÖ¸¦ ¹ÞÀº °ÍµéÀÌ´Ù. In Serbia, they were maidens cursed by God.

¸·³» ¼ÓÀÎ ¾ßºñÇÑ ¿Õ

Vukašin(1346–1371) was a King of Serbia. medieval nobleman of the Mrnjavčević family and one of the most prominent magnates of the Serbian Empire.

¿ÕÀÇ ÇüÁ¦µé

Uglješa, Gojko(¸·³»)

¢º±×·¸°Ô Áö¾îÁø ¼º°ú ±× ¼ºÀ» ÁöÄѺ¸´Â ¾ßºñ¿Õ.

Àü¼³1

Three brothers and their three hundred strong workforce have been laboring in vain on the construction of a citadel on the Bojana River; for three years anything they have built during the day collapses at night.

A vila calls to Vukašin, the master-builder, and the elder of the three brothers. She tells him that in order to end his torment and ensure that what he builds by day remains standing at night, the wife of one of the three brothers must be sacrificed: whoever of the three wives arrives first to bring their husband's lunch the following day should be walled-up inside the walls of the citadel.

Vukašin relates the vila's words to his two brothers and warns them to not say anything to their wives so that the outcome can truly be left to fate. He, however, breaks the oath, as does his brother Uglješa, and they both warn their wives of the danger and instruct them to not come to the construction site the next day. Only the youngest brother, Gojko, keeps the promise to not tell his wife.

The following day Gojko is heartbroken to see his wife approaching the citadel first. He explains away his tears to her, and the two older brothers lead her off to be immured. She at first thinks they are in jest and plays along, as "three hundred artisans" build up the wall to her knees. As the wall reaches her waist, however, she realizes their intent and pleads with the brothers, to no avail. She implores them to leave a window in the wall at her breast, so that she might continue to feed her infant son—and at her eye level, so that she can see when he is brought to her. This the builders grant her. For a week she continues to feed her son when he is brought to her, and, though her voice fades behind the wall after a week, milk continues to flow for her child for a full year thereafter—as it does from the walls of the citadel to the present day.

À¯»ç Àü¼³µé

¤±'The Walled Up Mom' is a folkloric ballad of Eastern European and Indian origin that tells of the sacrifice by immurement of a female victim in order that the construction of a citadel or other built structure might successfully be completed. The ballad exists in many different forms, varyingly concerning the construction of a castle, a monastery, a bridge or a well. Versions of the ballad have been recorded across the Balkans, Greece, Turkey, and India.

¤±One theory for the geographic spread of the ballad is that it was carried by Sinti and Roma ‘gypsies' who arrived in Europe from northern India in the early fifteenth century. Alan Dundes points out how the gypsy peoples were often employed as masons.

¤±The Indian versions of the ballad usually tell of seven brothers who have been working on digging a water tank. After repeatedly failing to strike water, they are advised by a Jogi that, in order for the water to flow, they must sacrifice to the tank their only sister. They do this, sending her into the centre of the dry tank, which then quickly fills with water, drowning her. These versions of the tale usually end with the sister being transformed into an Upel flower, which her betrothed then passes and plucks, bringing her back to life as a semi-deity.

In one of these versions, the brothers’ motivation for the sacrifice of their sister is justified to the grieving mother with reference to the perpetuation of the family name through the completion of the ‘meritorious work’ of the tank, which will benefit all who pass by and use it.

¤±"The Bridge of Arta" is another well-known variant of the ballad, of Greek origin. Here again, three brothers are laboring over the construction of a bridge over a river, and it is the master builder who must sacrifice his wife. As with the Skadar tale, the wife brings lunch to the construction site, and is led down into the foundations of the bridge on the pretext of helping her husband search for his wedding ring, which he claims to have dropped there.

¤±In most versions of the ballad some kind of supernatural element such as a fairy, or angel advises the master mason what he needs to do to ensure the success of his construction; in others, the mason dreams it.

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