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  • ½ÂÀÎ 2020.05.15 14:21
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(1)

ºÒ¸êÀÇ ºñÀÇ(Ýúëò)¸¦ ã°Ú´Ù¸ç ±æÀ» ¶°³­ ±æ°¡¸Þ½Ã´Â ¼¼»óÀÇ ³¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹Ù´å°¡¿¡ µµÂøÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ±×°÷¿¡¼­ ¼úÅëÀ» ²ø¾î¾È°í ¾É¾ÆÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ¿ÍÀι٠¸¶´ãÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. “ºÒ¸êÀ̶ó..... Ç㳪 Àΰ£Àº °á±¹ Á×´Â Á¸Àç¶ó¿À. ³ª¿Í ÇÔ²² Æ÷µµÁÖ³ª ÇÑÀÜ ÇϽÃÁö¿ä” ¸¶´ãÀÌ ±æ°¡¸Þ½Ã¸¦ ÃÊ´ëÇß´Ù. ¸¶´ãÀº Æ÷µµ¿Í Æ÷µµÁÖÀÇ ¿©±Í¿´´Ù. Æ÷µµ¸¦ ¹ßÈ¿½ÃÄÑ ¿ÍÀÎÀ¸·Î ¸¸µå´Â ±â¼úÀ» ¼¼°èÃÖÃÊ·Î °³¹ßÇÑ Á¸Àç´Ù.

±æ°¡¸Þ½Ã´Â ¿©ÀÎÀÇ À¯È¤À» °ÅÀýÇß´Ù. “³ª´Â ±×·² »ý°¢µµ ½Ã°£µµ ¾ø¼Ò. ³ª´Â Àΰ£¿µ¿ªÀÇ Àú °Ç³ÊÆí¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ºÒ¸êÀÇ ºñ¹ÐÀ» ã¾Æ ¶Ç ¶°³ª¾ß ÇÏ¿À.” ¿©ÀÎÀÇ ´Ù½Ã ÀÔÀ» ¿­¾ú´Ù. “ºÒ¸ê°°Àº ¼Ò¸® ±×¸¸ Çã½Ã°í, ¼úÀ̳ª ÇÑÀÜ ÇÏÀÚ°í¿ä! Ä«¸£Æä µð¿¥ ¸ô·¯¿ä?" ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¸¶´ãÀÇ ÃÊ´ë´Â ½ÇÆп´´Ù.

“¿µµ¿ Æ÷µµÃàÁ¦¿¡ ÃÊ´ë¹Þ¾Ò¾î¿ä!” (»çÁø=³ª°æ¿ø ÀÇ¿ø½Ç)


(2)

³ª°æ¿øÀÌ ‘Æ÷µµ’ ¼Ò¼Ó ÀåÁ¦¿ø·°æ´ë¼ö·È«ÀÏÇ¥·±è¼º¿ø·¼ÛÈñ°æ·°­È¿»ó·ÃÖ±³ÀÏ·Á¤À¯¼··¿°µ¿¿­ µîÀÇ ÀÇ¿ø´ÔµéÀ» ºÎ»êÁö¿ª °ñÇÁ ¹× °ü±¤ ¸ðÀÓ¿¡ ÃÊ´ëÇß´Ù. ¸é¸éÀ» º¸´Ï ³«¼±ÀÚ¿Í ºÒÃ⸶ÀÚ°¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù.

‘Æ÷µµ’ÀÇ ¸®´õ ³ª°æ¿øÀº '¾ö¸¶ÀÇ ¸¶À½À¸·Î' ¸â¹öµéÀ» À§·ÎÇÏ°í °Ý·ÁÇÏ°í ½Í¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °Ý·Á»çµµ ÁغñÇß´Ù´Â ÈĹ®ÀÌ´Ù. “ºÒ¸êÀÇ ÀÇ¿ø»ýÈ°, ±×·± °Å ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù! °ñÇÁµµ Ä¡°í, µÅÁö±¹¹äµµ ¸Ô°í, ¼úµµ ÇÑÀÜ ¶§¸³½Ã´Ù! ÁÖÁ¾Àº Æ÷µµÁÖ, ÀϹèÀϹèºÎÀϹè! Ä«¸£Æä µð¿¥!" ÇÏ¿©°£ ºÎ»êÁö¿ª °ñÇÁ ¹× °ü±¤ ¸ðÀÓÀº Ãë¼ÒµÆ´Ù.


(ºÎ·Ï)

³ª°æ¿ø°ú ‘Æ÷µµ’

Æ÷µµ=Æ÷¿ë°ú µµÀü. ³ª°æ¿øÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯Çѱ¹´ç ½ÃÀý '¾ö¸¶ÀÇ ¸¶À½’(µ¿ÀÛ±¸¹Î¿¡°Ô ½á ¸Ô´ø ±¸È£)À¸·Î ÁÖµµÇØ ¸¸µç ´ç ¼â½Å ¸ðÀÓ. ±×·¯³ª Æ÷¿ë°ú µµÀü°ú ¼â½Å¿¡ ¸ðµÎ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ÀÚÀ¯Çѱ¹´çÀº ¹ÌÅë´çÀ¸·Î Åðº¸. Æ÷µµ´Â ¸í¸ÆÀ» À̾î¿ÔÀ¸³ª ÀÏ°ü¼º ÀÖ°Ô Æ÷¿ë°ú µµÀü°ú ¼â½ÅÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½. ÇÑÆí ‘Æ÷µµ ¾ö¸¶ ±Í½Å'(Mother Goddess of the Grape)´Â Æ÷µµ »ý»êÁö¿ª¿¡¼­ ÀÚÁÖ µîÀåÇÏ´Â ½ÅÈ­Àû ij¸¯ÅÍ. (»ç½Ç ³ª°æ¿ø°ú´Â »ó°ü¾ø´Â ¾ê±â.)

¸¶´ãÀÇ Á¤Ã¼

½ÃµÎ¸®(Siduri, ‘ÀþÀº ¿©ÀÚ’¶ó´Â ¶æ). Á¤Ã¼´Â À̽´Å¸¸£. Æ÷µµ, ¿ÍÀÎÀÇ ¿©±Í. ¿ÍÀι٠¸¶´ãÀ¸·Î ±æ°¡¸Þ½Ã ¼­»ç½Ã¿¡¼­ Ȳ±Ý ¼úÅëÀ» °®°í ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù. »çºñÆ®(Sabit, ¼úÁý Àۺζó°íµµ ºÒ¸°´Ù. Siduri's name means "young woman" in Hurrian and may be an epithet of Ishtar. Siduri is a character in the Epic of Gilgamesh. She is an "alewife" associated with fermentation (specifically wine). Siduri was pro-wine, pro-feasting, pro-music, pro-dancing, pro-joy, pro-sex and pro-family.

¸¶´ãÀÇ À¯È¤

In the earlier Old Babylonian version of the Epic, she attempts to dissuade Gilgamesh in his quest for immortality, urging him to be content with the simple pleasures of life.

“±æ¾¾.... ÀϹèÀϹèºÎÀϹ谡 ¹«½¼ ¶æÀÌ·¡¿ä?”

[´Üµ¶] ³ª°æ¿øÀÇ ºñ°ø°³ °Ý·Á»ç

“³«¼± µ¿Áö ¿­ÇãºÐ! ±×·¡µµ ¿À´ÃÀÇ »îÀ» Áñ±â¼Å! As for you, Gilgamesh, fill your belly with good things; day and night, night and day, dance and be merry, feast and rejoice. Let your clothes be fresh, bathe yourself in water, cherish the little child that holds your hand, and make your wife happy in your embrace; for this too is the lot of man.” (From the Old Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh)

°ñÇÁ ¹× °ü±¤ ¸ðÀÓ

¾ð·Ð°ú ¿©·Ð¿¡ µÎµÑ°Ü ¸ÂÀÚ Ãë¼Ò.

¸¶´ãÀÇ »ç»ó

The advice given by Siduri has been seen as the first expression of the concept of carpe diem, although some scholars see it as urging Gilgamesh to abandon his mourning, "reversing the liminal rituals of mourning and returning to the normal and normative behaviors of Mesopotamian society." Wouldn't the world be a better place if more people today would heed Siduri's ancient advice?

½ÉÈ­ÇнÀ

Interestingly, in a later version of the Epic of Gilgamesh (referred to as the “Akkadian” version) Siduri’s advice was removed from the Epic and much of her original role was given to Utnapishtim, an immortal wise old man(ºÒ¸êÀÇ ±èÁ¾ÀÎ?). One theory for the diminishment of Siduri’s role is that Siduri being young, female and working class (a wine maker), and Utnapishtim being old, male and high class (an immortal wise man) may have contributed, and may suggest possible differences between Sumerian and Akkadian culture. Specifically, this change may highlight a degree of ageism, sexism and/or classism in Akkadian culture, and the removal of Siduri's advice could represent the first recorded case of censorship. Siduri's words were recorded long before any other religious text, including the Bible, the Koran or any eastern philosophies (including Buddhism) and represent a very different perspective to the religious texts used today.

“ìéÛÊìéÛÊÝ¥ìéÛÊ´Â ÃѼ±ÂüÆÐ ÀÌÈÄ ÀϺ£µéÀÌ ¼ú ¸¶½Ã¸ç ºÎ¸£Â¢´Â ±ÇÁÖ ±¸È£¶ó³×.”


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