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  • ½ÂÀÎ 2018.10.18 12:03
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¿¹¼ö´Â ³­¹ÎÀ̾ú´Ù. Çì·ÔÀº º£µé·¹Çð¿¡ ¿¹¼ö°¡ ž´Ù´Â ¾ê±â¸¦ µè°í 2¼¼ ¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ ³²¾ÆµéÀ» ¸ðÁ¶¸® Á׿© ¹ö¸°´Ù. ¿µ¾Æ Çлì±ØÀ̾ú´Ù. ´ÙÇàÈ÷ õ»ç·ÎºÎÅÍ Çì·ÔÀÇ À§ÇùÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °æ°í¸¦ ¹Ì¸® ¹ÞÀº ¾Æ¹öÁö ¿ä¼ÁÀº ÀÌÁýÆ®·Î Å»ÃâÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¼öÀÇ °¡Á·Àº ³­¹Î ½Å¼¼°¡ µÈ´Ù. ºñ±âµ¶±³Àεµ ¾Æ´Â À¯¸íÇÑ ¾ê±â´Ù.

¿¹¼ö´Â ÀÌÁýÆ®¿¡¼­ ‘³­¹Î ½ÅºÐ’À¸·Î 1³âÂë ¸Ó¹°·¶´Ù. ‘¿Ü±¹’ ÀÌÁýÆ®¿¡¼­ÀÇ »îÀÌ ¾î¶°Çß´ÂÁö´Â ¸íȮġ ¾Ê´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ »ý¸íÀÇ À§ÇùÀ» ´À³¢´Â »óȲÀ̾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÃßÁ¤ÄÁ´ë »ç¶÷ÀÌ ºÕºñ´Â °÷Àº ÇÇÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. »ç¶÷ ÀûÀº °÷, ÀÛÀº ½Ã°ñ¸¶À» Á¤µµ ¾Æ´Ï¾úÀ»±î. ±× ÀÛÀº ¸¶À»ÀÇ ÀÌÁýÆ®ÀεéÀº ¿¹¼ö¿Í °¡Á·, ±× ³­¹ÎµéÀ» µ¹ºÁÁáÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Àá Àß °÷À» ³»ÁÖ°í, ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ» ³»ÁáÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Massacre of the Innocents.


(2) ¿¹¸àÀεéÀº ³­¹ÎÀÌ´Ù

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ÇÑ°Ü·¹´Â ÃÖ±Ù “³­¹Î Çø¿À µî¿¡ °üÇÑ °¡Â¥´º½ºµéÀÇ ¹ß¿øÁö°¡ ‘¿¡½º´õ ±âµµ¿îµ¿’À̶ó´Â Á¾±³´ÜüÀÇ ´©¸®Áý °Ô½ÃÆÇ(°øÁö»çÇ×)À̾ú´Ù”°í º¸µµÇß´Ù. “³­¹Î µîÀ» Çø¿ÀÇÏ´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ °¡Â¥´º½º¸¦ Á¦ÀÛ, ¹èÆ÷”Çß´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀεµÀûÀ¸·Î¶óµµ ±×·¯Áö ¸»ÀÚ. Á¾±³ÀûÀ¸·Î´Â, ´ç½ÅµéÀÌ ¹Ï´Â ¿¹¼ö°¡ ¹Ù·Î ³­¹Î Ãâ½ÅÀÌ´Ù.

Woodcut from Die Bibel in Bildern (1860) by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld.


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Jesus Was a Refugee! In the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus’ (adoptive) father, Joseph, and mother, Mary, live in Bethlehem, a town in Judaea near Jerusalem. It is assumed to be their home village. Certain magoi (“wise men”/astrologers) come from “the East” to Herod, the Roman client king of Judaea, looking to honor a new ruler they have determined by a “star,” and Jesus is identified as the one. All this is bad news to Herod, and Herod acts in a pre-emptive strike against the people of Bethlehem and its environs. He kills all boys under two years of age in an atrocity that is traditionally known as “the massacre of the innocents” (Matthew 2.16–18).

Massacre of the Innocents.

But Joseph has been warned beforehand in a dream of Herod’s intentions to kill little Jesus, and the family flees to Egypt. It is not until Herod is dead that Joseph and Mary dare return, and then they avoid Judaea: Joseph “was afraid to go there” (Matthew 2.22) because Herod’s son is in charge. Instead they find a new place of refuge, in Nazareth of Galilee, far from Bethlehem.

Jesus’ earliest years were then, according to the Gospel of Matthew, spent as a refugee in a foreign land, and then as a displaced person in a village a long way from his family’s original home.

We know also that Jews fled from troubles in Judaea of many kinds in the third–first centuries B.C.E., and that Egypt was one of the places they went to as refugees. Josephus comments on the problematic revolutionaries (and their children) that fled there after the First Jewish Revolt (66–70 C.E.; Jewish War 7: 407–419), but they were following a well-worn path. Many epitaphs and inscriptions, as well as historical sources, testify to a thriving Jewish expatriate community in Egypt made up of earlier refugees that could be joined by others.


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For new refugees, as anywhere, life would have been very hard. The first-century Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria tells us of the consequences of poverty, which could result in enslavement (Special Laws 2.82). Presumably, Jewish charity and voluntary giving through the synagogue would have helped a struggling refugee family, but they would also have been reliant on the kindness of strangers.


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Å»¹«µå´Â ¿¹¼ö°¡ ÀÌÁýÆ®¿¡¼­ ¸¶¼úÀ» ¹è¿ü´Ù°í ÀüÇÑ´Ù. ±×¶§ ¹è¿î ¸¶¼ú·Î Èʳ¯ ±âÀûÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Ä×´Ù?

Flight into Egypt

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